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Publications

Books and Book Chapters:

 T. M. Chin, M. R. Luettgen, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``An Estimation-Theoretic Perspective on Image Processing and the Calculation of Optical Flow,'' in Motion Analysis and Image    Sequence Processing , M. Sezan and R. Lagendijk, eds, Kluwer, March 1993.

 W. C. Karl, ``Regularization in Reconstruction and Restoration,'' in Handbook of Image and Video Processing , A. Bovik, ed, Academic Press Limited, April, 2000. W. C. Karl, ``Regularization in Reconstruction and Restoration,''  in  Handbook of Image and Video Processing , A. Bovik, ed, Academic Press Limited, Second Edition, In progress, 2003.

Journal Publications:

  W. C. Karl, J. Greschak, and G. C. Verghese, ``Comments on `A  Necessary and Sufficient Condition for the Stability of Discrete  Linear Interval Systems,' ''   International Journal of Control ,  Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 849-851, 1984

 W. C. Karl and G. C. Verghese, ``Comments on `Sufficient and  Necessary Condition for the Asymptotic Stability of Discrete Linear  Interval systems,' ''   International Journal of Control , Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 2159-2160, November, 1988.

 W. C. Karl and G. C. Verghese, ``Comments on `Robust Stability in Linear State Space Models,' ''   International Journal of Control , Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 1093, 1989.

 W. C. Karl and G. C. Verghese, ``Curvatures of Surfaces and Their Shadows,''  Linear Algebra and its Applications (Special Issue on Image Reconstruction from Projections), Vol. 130, pp. 231-255, March, 1990.

 W. C. Karl, S. Leeb, L. Jones, J. Kirtley, and G. C. Verghese, ``Applications of Rank-Based Filters in Power Electronics,''   IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics , Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 437-443, July 1992.

 T. M. Chin, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Sequential Filtering for Multi-Frame Visual Reconstruction,''  Signal Processing  special issue on Multidimensional Signal Processing, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 311-333, September 1992.

 W. C. Karl and G. C. Verghese, ``A Sufficient Condition for the Stability of Interval Matrix Polynomials,''   IEEE Transactions on  Automatic Control (Special Issue on Meeting the Challenge of Computer Science in the Industrial Applications of Control), Vol. 38,  No. 7, pp. 1139-1143, July 1993.

 M. R. Luettgen, W. C. Karl, A. S. Willsky, and R. R. Tenney,  ``Multiscale Representations of Markov Random Fields,''   IEEE  Transactions on Signal Processing special issue on Wavelets and
  Signal Processing, Vol. 41, No. 12, pp. 3377-3396, December 1993.

 W. C. Karl, G. C. Verghese, and J. H. Lang, ``Control of  Vibrational Systems,''  IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control , Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 222-226, January, 1994.

 M. R. Luettgen, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Efficient  Multiscale Regularization with Applications to the Computation of Optical Flow,''  IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 41-64, January 1994.

 W. C. Karl, G. C. Verghese, and A. S. Willsky, ``Reconstructing Ellipsoids from Projections,''   Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing: Graphical Models and Image Processing , Vol. 56,  No. 2, pp. 124-139, March, 1994.

P. Milanfar, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Reconstructing Binary Polygonal Objects from Projections: A Statistical View,''  Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing: Graphical Models and Image Processing, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 371-391, September,1994.

T. M. Chin, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Probabilistic and Sequential Computation of Optical Flow using Temporal Coherence,''IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 773-788, November, 1994.

T. M. Chin, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``A Distributed and Iterative Method for Square Root Filtering in Space-Time Estimation,''Automatica, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 67-82, January, 1995.

P. Milanfar, G. C. Verghese, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky,``Reconstructing Polygons from Moments with Connections to Array Processing,'' IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 43,No. 2, pp. 432-443, February, 1995.

P. W. Fieguth, W. C. Karl, A. S. Willsky, and C. Wunsch,``Multiresolution Optimal Interpolation and Statistical Analysis of TOPEX/POSEIDON Satellite Altimetry,'' IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 280-292,March, 1995.

S. Jaggi, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Estimation of Dynamically Evolving Ellipsoids with Applications to Medical Imaging,'' IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 14,No. 2, pp. 249-258, June, 1995.

M. Bhatia, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, A Wavelet-Based Method for Multiscale Tomographic Reconstruction,'' IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 92-101, February, 1996.

R. W. Stadler, W. C. Karl, and R. S. Lees, ``New Methods for Arterial Diameter Measurement from B-Mode Images,'' Ultrasound  in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 25-34, 1996.

R. W. Stadler, W. C. Karl, and R. S. Lees, ``The Application of Echo Tracking Methods to Endothelium-Dependent Vasoreactivity and Arterial Compliance Measurements,'' Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 22: No. 1, pp. 35-42, 1996.

P. Milanfar, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``A Moment-Based Variational Approach to Tomographic Reconstruction,'' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 459-470,March, 1996.

W. C. Karl, S. R. Kulkarni, G. C. Verghese, andA. S. Willsky, ``Local Tests for Consistency of Support HyperplaneData,'' Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision special issueon Topology and Geometry in Computer Vision, Vol. 6, No. 2/3,Pg. 249-267, June, 1996.

L. Belcastro, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Tomographic Reconstruction of Polygons from Knot Location and Chord Length Measurements,'' Graphical Models and Image Processing, Vol. 58, No. 3,pp. 233-245, May, 1996.

C. H. Fosgate, H. Krim, W. W. Irving, W. C. Karl, A. S. Willsky,``Multiscale Segmentation and Anomaly Enhancement of SAR Imagery,'' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing special issue on AutomaticTarget Recognition, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 7-20, January, 1997.

M. Bhatia, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Tomographic Reconstruction and Estimation Based on Multiscale Natural-Pixel Bases,'' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol 6, No. 3,pp. 463-478, March 1997.

J. Kaufhold, M. K. Schneider, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``A statistical method for efficient segmentation of MR imagery,''  International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence Special issue on Processing of MRI Imagery, Vol. 11,No. 8, pg. 1213-1231, December, 1997.

W. C. Karl, D. N. Kennedy, A. J. Worth, H. H. Pien, A. S. Willsky,``Processing of MR Images of the Human Brain,'' International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence Specialissue on Processing of MRI Imagery, Vol. 11, No. 8, pg. 1157-1160,December, 1997.

P. W. Fieguth, W. C. Karl, and, A. S. Willsky, ``Efficient Multiresolution Counterparts to Variational Methods for SurfaceReconstruction,'' Computer Vision and Image Understanding,Vol. 70, No. 2, pg 157-176, May, 1998.

A. Frakt, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``A Multiscale Hypothesis Testing Approach to Anomaly Detection and Localization from Noisy Tomographic Data,'' IEEE Transactions on ImageProcessing, Vol. 7, No. 6, pg 825-837, June, 1998.

J. Kaufhold, W. C. Karl, and R. C. Chan, ``A Texture-Based Variational Segmentation Method for Ultrasound Blood Vessel Imagery,'' Annals of Biomedical Engineering. Volume 26, Supplement 1,October, 1998.

S. Jaggi, W. C. Karl, S. Mallat, and A. S. Willsky, ``HighResolution Pursuit for Feature Extraction,'' Applied  Computational and Harmonic Analysis, Vol. 5, No. 4, pg 428-449,October, 1998.

F. Kamalabadi, W. C. Karl, J. L. Semeter, D. M.  Cotton, T. A.Cook, S. Chakrabarti, ``A Statistical framework for space-based EUV ionospheric tomography,'' Radio Science, Vol. 34, No. 2,pp. 437-447, March/April, 1999.

S. Jaggi, W. C. Karl, S. G. Mallat, and A. S. Willsky,``Silhouette Recognition using High Resolution Pursuit,'' Pattern Recognition, Vol. 23, No. 5., pg. 753-771, May, 1999.

M. K. Schneider, P. W. Fieguth, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky,``Multiscale Statistical Methods for the Segmentation andReconstruction of Signals and Images,'' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 9, No. 3, Pg. 456-468, March, 2000.

A. Kannan, M. Ostendorf, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, R. K. Fish,``ML Parameter Estimation of a Multiscale Stochastic Process using theEM Algorithm,'' IEEE Transactions on SignalProcessing, Vol. 48, No. 6 pg. 1836-1847, June, 2000.

R. Chan, W. C. Karl, and R. S. Lees, ``A new model-based techniquefor enhanced small vessel measurements in X-ray cin\'e-angiograms,''IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 19, No. 3, pg.243-255, March, 2000.

M. Cetin and W. C. Karl, ``Feature-enhanced synthetic apertureradar image formation based on non-quadratic regularization,''IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 10, No. 4,pg. 623-631, April, 2001.

W. S. Hoge, E. L. Miller, H. Lev-Ari, D. H. Brooks, W. C. Karland L. P. Panych, ``An Efficient Region of Interest AcquisitionMethod for Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging,'' IEEE  Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 10, No. 74, pg.1118-1128, July 2001.

M. Desai, R. Mangoubi, J. Shah, W. Karl, H. Pien, A. Worth , andD. Kennedy, ``Functional MRI Activity Characterization Using ResponseTime Shift Estimates from Curve Evolution,'' IEEE Transactionson Image Processing, Vol. 21, No. 11, pg. 1402-1412, November 2002.

V. Galdi, H. Feng, D. A. Castanon, W. C. Karl, L. B. Felsen,``Multifrequency Subsurface Sensing in the Presence of a ModeratelyRough Air-Soil Interface via Quasi-Ray Gaussian Beams,'' Radio Science, Vol. 38, No. 2, VIC 8-1-VIC 8-12, December 2002.

H. Feng, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, ``A Curve Evolution Approachto Object-Based Tomographic Reconstruction'' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 12, No. 1, pg, 44-57, January 2003.%Submitted June, 2001.

V. Galdi, J. Pavlovich, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, L. B.  Felsen,``Moderately Rough Dielectric Interface Profile Reconstruction viaShort-Pulse Quasi-Ray Gaussian Beams,'' IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 3, pg. 672-677, March, 2003.

V. Galdi, H. Feng, D. A. Castanon, W. C. Karl, L. B. Felsen,``Moderately Rough Surface Underground Imaging via Short-PulseQuasi-Ray Gaussian Beams,'' IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 9, pg. 2304-2318, Sept. 2003.%Submitted September, 2001.

M. Cetin, W. C. Karl, and D. A. Castanon, ``Analysis of the Impactof Non-Quadratic Optimization-based SAR Imaging on Feature Enhancementand ATR Performance,'' IEEE Trans. Aerospace and Electronic Systems,Vol. 39, No. 4, pg. 1375-1395, October 2003.

R. Weisenseel and W. C. Karl, R. C. Chan, and T. J. Brady, ``AVariational Approach to Multi-modality Subsurface Data Inversion andFusion Based on Shared Image Structure,'' Subsurface SensingTechnologies and Applications, Vol.4, No.4, pgs 373-392, October 2003.

A. K. Swan, L. Moiseev, C. R. Cantor, B. Davis, S. B. Ippolito, W.C. Karl, B. B. Goldberg and M. S. Unlu, ``Towards nanometer-scaleresolution in fluorescence microscopy using spectralself-interference,'' IEEE Journal on selected topics in quantum electronics (JSTQE) special issue on ``Lasers inmedicine and biology,'' Vol. 9, No. 2, pgs 294-300, March/April 2003.

N. Aggarwal, and W. C. Karl, ``Line Detection in Images throughRegularized Hough Transform,'' to appear in IEEE Transactions  on Image Processing, To appear.

W. C. Karl and H. Pien, ``High-Resolution Biosensor Spectral PeakShift Estimation,'' In review, IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, April, 2003.

M. Saeed, W. C. Karl, T. Nguyen, and H. Rabiee, ``A MultiscaleMixture-Model-Based Approach to Image Segmentation,'' in preparationfor submission to IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

Conference Papers

W. C. Karl, S. Leeb, L. Jones, J. Kirtley, and G. C. Verghese,``Applications of a Class of Nonlinear Filters to Problems in PowerElectronics,'' Proc. of 21st Annual IEEE Power Electronics SpecialistsConference, San Antonio, TX, pp. 35-42, June 1990.

A. B. Dobrzeniecki, W. C. Karl, P. Lipson, and J. D. Pearlman,M.D., ``Advances in Quantification, Analysis, and Display of ThalliumMyocardial Images,'' Proc. of the 18th Annual Conf. on Computers inCardiology, Venice, Italy, pp. 497-500, September 23-26, 1991.

P. Milanfar, W. C. Karl, S. R. Kulkarni, and A. S. Willsky,``Geometric Aspects of Tomographic Signal Processing,'' Proc. 7thIEEE Workshop on Multidimensional Signal Processing, Lake Placid, NY,pp. 6.5, Sept. 1991.

P. Milanfar, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``StatisticalApproaches to the Tomographic Reconstruction of Finitely ParameterizedGeometric Objects,'' in Neural and Stochastic Methods in  Image and Signal Processing, S. S. Chen, Editor, Proc. SPIE1992 Int'l. Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation SanDiego, CA, Vol. 1766, pp. 166-177, July 20-23, 1992.

R. E. Learned, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Wavelet PacketBased Transient Signal Classification,'' Proc. IEEE Signal ProcessingSociety Int'l Symposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis,Victoria, Canada, pp. 109-112, October 4-6, 1992.

M. R. Luettgen, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, R. R. Tenney,``Multiresolution Statistical Methods in Image Analysis,'' in Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision XI: Biological, Neural Net, and 3-D Methods, Proc. SPIE, Boston, MA, Vol. 1826, pp. 2-13,November 18-20, 1992.

S. Jaggi, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Dynamic Estimation ofLeft-Ventricular Ejection Fraction,'' in Biomedical Image Processing and Biomedical Visualization, R. S. Acharya andD. B. Goldgof, Eds., Proc. IS\&T/SPIE Symposium on Electronic ImagingScience and Technology, San Jose, CA, Vol. 1905, pp. 206-217, January1993.

T. M. Chin, W. C. Karl, A. C. Mariano, and A. S. Willsky, ``SquareRoot Filtering in Time-Sequential Estimation of Random Fields,'' inImage and Video Processing, Proc. 1993 IS\&T/SPIE Symposium onElectronic Imaging Science and Technology, San Jose, CA, Vol. 1903,pp. 51-58, February 3-4, 1993.

P. Milanfar, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``A GeometricFramework for Tomographic Reconstruction,'' Proc. of the 27th AnnualConf. on Information Science and Systems, Johns Hopkins University,Baltimore, MD, pp. 223-228, March 1993.

M. R. Luettgen, W. C. Karl, A. S. Willsky, and R. Tenney,``Multiscale Representations of Markov Random Fields, withApplications to Texture Labeling,'' Proc. 1993 IEEE Int'l Conf. onAcoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Minneapolis, MN, Vol. 5,pp. 41-44, April 27-30, 1993.

M. Bhatia, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, A Multiscale Method forTomographic Reconstruction,'' in Mathematical Imaging: Wavelet  Applications in Signal and Image Processing, A. F. Laine,Ed., Proc. SPIE 1993 Int'l. Symposium on Optics, Imaging, andInstrumentation, San Diego, CA, Vol. 2034, pp. 58-69, July 1993.

P. Milanfar, M. Bhatia, L. A. Belcastro, S. Jaggi, W. C. Karl, andA. S. Willsky, ``Geometric and Multiresolution Statistical Methods forReconstruction from Projections,'' Proc. 8th IEEE Workshop on Imageand Multidimensional Signal Processing, Cannes, France, pp. 158-159,Sept. 1993.

W. W. Irving, M. M. Daniel, P. W. Fieguth, W. C. Karl, andA. S. Willsky, ``Efficient Algorithms for Gauss-Markov RandomFields,'' Proc. 8th IEEE Workshop on Image and MultidimensionalSignal Processing, Cannes, France, pp. 160-161, Sept. 1993.

M. R. Luettgen, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``FractalRegularization using Multiscale Stochastic Models,'' in Progress  in Wavelet Analysis and Applications, Eds. Y. Meyer and S. Roques,Editions Frontieres, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France, pp. 361-368, 1993.

R. E. Learned, H. Krim, B. Claus, A. S. Willsky, and W. C. Karl,``Wavelet-Packet-Based Multiple-Access Communication,'' in  Wavelet Applications in Signal and Image Processing II, A. Laineand M.  Unser, Eds., Proc. SPIE 1994 Int'l. Symposium on Optics,Imaging, and Instrumentation, San Diego, CA, Vol. 2303, pp. 246-259, July 24-29, 1994.

P. W. Fieguth, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``A StatisticalMultiscale Approach to Mapping Altimetric Data,'' in Neural and  Stochastic Methods in Image and Signal Processing III, S. S. Chen,Ed., Proc. SPIE 1994 Int'l. Symposium on Optics, Imaging, andInstrumentation, San Diego, CA, Vol. 2304, pp. 94-104, July 24-29,1994.

P. W. Fieguth, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``MultiresolutionStochastic Processing of Topex/Poseidon Oceanographic Altimetry,''Proc. of OCEANS '94, Brest, France, Vol. 1, pp. 851-855, September13-16, 1994.

P. Milanfar, G. C. Verghese, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky,``Polygon Reconstruction from Moments Using Array Processing,'' Proc. of the Sixth IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop, YosemiteNational Park, CA, pp. 153-156, October 2-5, 1994.

I. Polyak, A. S. Willsky, and W. C. Karl, ``Robust Knot Detectionand Spline Approximation Using Wavelet Transform Extrema andMulti-Target Tracking,'' Proc. of the 1994 IEEE InternationalSymposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis, Philadelphia, PA,pp. 290-293, October 25-28, 1994.

H. Krim, A. S. Willsky, and W. C. Karl, ``Multiresolution Modelsfor Random Fields and Their Use in Statistical Image Processing,''Proceedings 1994 IEEE-IMS Workshop on Information Theory andStatistics, Alexandria, VA, October 27-29, 1994.

R. E. Learned, H. Krim, B. Claus, A. S. Willsky, and W. C. Karl,``Convergence study of an iterative joint detector for wavelet packetmultiple-access communication,'' Proc. of the 1994 IEEE InternationalSymposium on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis, Philadelphia, PA,pp. 512-515, October 25-28, 1994.

M. Bhatia, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Wavelet Based Methodsfor Tomographic Reconstruction,'' Invited talk. Proc. of the 16thAnnual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicineand Biology Society, Workshop on Wavelets in Medicine and Biology,Baltimore, MD, pp. 2a-3a, November 3-6, 1994.

M. Bhatia, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Wavelet-BasedMultiscale Stochastic Models for Efficient Tomographic Discriminationof Fractal Fields,'' Proc. of the First IEEE International Conferenceon Image Processing, Austin, TX, pp. 135-139, November 13-16, 1994.

P. W. Fieguth, A. S. Willsky, and W. C. Karl, ``MultiresolutionStochastic Imaging of Satellite Oceanographic Altimetric Data,''Proc. of the First IEEE International Conference on Image Processing,Austin, TX, pp. 1-5, November 13-16, 1994.

P. Milanfar, W. C. Karl, A. S. Willsky, and G. C. Verghese,``Moment-Based Geometric Image Reconstruction,'' Proc. of the FirstIEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Austin, TX, pp. 825-829, November 13-16, 1994.

W. W. Irving, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``A Theory forMultiscale Stochastic Realization,'' Proc. of the 33rd IEEEConference on Decision and Control, Lake Buena Vista, FL, pp. 655-662, December, 1994.

P. Fieguth, W. C. Karl, A. S. Willsky, ``MultiresolutionStatistical Analysis and Assimilation of Large Ocean Data Sets,''Proc. 1995 International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and SignalProcessing, Atlanta, GA, Vol. 5, May 9-12, 1995

R. W. Stadler, W. C. Karl, S. F. Ibrahim, and R. S. Lees,``Noninvasive Measurement of Endothelium-Dependent Vasoreactivity:Implications for the Assessment of Atherosclerosis,'' Proc. of the1995 Annual Fall Meeting of the BMES, Boston, MA, October 8-12, 1995.

S. Jaggi, W. C. Karl, S. Mallat, A. S. Willsky, ``MultiscaleGeometrical Feature Extraction and Object Recognition with Waveletsand Morphology,'' Proc. 1995 International Conference on ImageProcessing, Washington, DC, Vol 3, pg 372-375, October 23-26, 1995.

P. W. Fieguth, W. W. Irving, M. M. Daniel, C. H. Fosgate, M. K.Schneider, A. H. Krim, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky,``Multiresolution Stochastic Models: Methodology and Applications inRemote Sensing, Image Processing, and Radar,'' Proc. Ninth Image andMulti-Dimensional Signal Processing, Belieze City, Belieze, March3-6, 1996.

M. Schneider, P. Fieguth, W. C. Karl, A. S. Willsky, ``MultiscaleMethods for the Segmentation of Images,'' Proc. 1996 InternationalConference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Atlanta, GA,May 7-10, 1996.

A. B. Frakt, W. C. Karl, A. S. Willsky, ``Multiscale HypothesisTesting with Application to Anomaly Characterization from TomographicProjections,'' Proc. 1996 International Conference on ImageProcessing, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 16-19, 1996.

C. H. Fosgate, H. Krim, A. S. Willsky, and W. C. Karl,``Multiscale Segmentation and Anomaly Enhancement of SAR Imagery,''Proc. 1996 International Conference on Image Processing, Lausanne,Switzerland, September 16-19, 1996.

J. Kaufhold, M. K. Schneider, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``ARecursive Estimation Approach to the Segmentation of MR Imagery,''Workshop on MR Signal Processing, Univ. of Illinois atUrbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, October 18-20, 1997.

M. Cetin and W. C. Karl, ``Inversion and Inferencing Based onTomographic Data,'' 1997 Progress in Electromagnetics ResearchSymposium special session on Imaging, Tomography, and Holography,July 7-11, 1997, Cambridge, MA.

Farzad Kamalabadi, Joshua L. Semeter, William C. Karl, Daniel M.Cotton, Timothy A. Cook, and Supriya Chakrabarti, ``Space-basedionospheric remote sensing using tomographic inversion of radiativerecombinative EUV sources,'' Annual NSF Conference on Coupling,Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions, Boulder, Colorado,June 1997. (Best paper award)

R. C. Chan, W. C. Karl, and R. S. Lees, ``Quality Enhancement ofArterial Measurements Based on a More Accurate Stochastic Model ofX-Ray Cine-angiography,'' Proceedings of the International  Conference on Image Processing, Vol. 3, pg 508, Santa Barbara, CA,October 26-29, 1997.

J. Kaufhold, M. K. Schneider, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``MRImage Segmentation and Data Fusion using A Statistical Approach,''Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing,Vol. 2, pg 506, Santa Barbara, CA, October 26-29, 1997.

M. Saeed, W. C. Karl, T. Nguyen, and H. R. Rabiee, ``BayesianRestoration of Noisy Images with the EM Algorithm,'' Proceedings  of the International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. 2, pg322, Santa Barbara, CA, October 26-29, 1997.

M. Cetin and W. C. Karl, ``A Statistical Tomographic Approach toSynthetic Aperture Radar Image Reconstruction,''International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. 1, pg 845, Santa Barbara, CA,October 26-29, 1997.

J. Kaufhold and W. C. Karl. ``Reconstructing Thin 3-D StructuresFrom Optical Blur Using Optical Sectioning Microscopy,'' Proceedingsof the 1997 Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Society,San Diego CA, October 2-5, 1997.

M. Bosse, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, and P. A. Debitetto, ``AVision Augmented Navigation System,'' IEEE Conf. on IntelligentTransportation Systems, special session on Applications of ComputerVision to Intelligent Vehicles, pg 1028-1033, Boston, MA, Nov. 9-12,1997.

R. A. Weisenseel, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, and C.DiMarzio, ``A Statistical Approach to Multi-Channel Spatial Modelingfor the Detection of Mine-Like Targets,'' in Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Mine-Like Targets III,Abinash C. Dubey, Robert L. Barnard, editors, Proc SPIE V 3392.Orlando, 1998.

E. L. Miller, W. C. Karl, and S. J. Norton, ``On the Detection ofBuried Mines from Array Inductive Measurements,'' in Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Mine-Like Targets III,Abinash C. Dubey, Robert L.  Barnard, editors, Proc SPIE V 3392.Orlando, 1998.

M. Saeed, W. C. Karl, T. Q. Nguyen, and H. R. Rabiee, ``A NewMultiresolution Algorithm for Image Segmentation,'' in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,  and Signal Processing, Seattle, WA, May 12-15, 1998.

E. L. Miller and W. C. Karl, ``On the detection of buried objectsfrom inductive arrays,'' 1998 Progress in Electromagnetics  Symposium, Nantes, France, July 1998.

E. L. Miller and W. C. Karl, ``Detection and Localization ofBuried Objects from Near-Field Sensor Array Data: Physical Models andStatistical Processing,'' Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Image Processing, Chicago Il., October 1998.

M. Cetin and W. C. Karl, ``A Statistical Method forDiscrimination of Natural Terrain Types from SAR Data,''  Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Image Processing, Chicago, IL, October, 1998.

J. Kaufhold, W. C. Karl and D. A. Castanon, ``A NestedRecursive Approach to MAP Estimation based on Gauss-Markov RandomFields,'' Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on  Image Processing, Chicago, IL, October, 1998,

J. Kaufhold and W. C. Karl, ``A Nonparametric Defocus-BasedApproach to Reconstructing Thin 3D Structures in Optical SectioningMicroscopy,'' Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on  Image Processing, Chicago, IL, October, 1998.   

J. Kaufhold, W. C. Karl, R. Chan. ``A Texture-based VariationalSegmentation Method for Ultrasound Blood Vessel Imagery,'' Proceedingsof the 1998 Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering Societyin Cleveland, OH October 10-13th 1998.

R. A. Weisenseel, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, and R. C.Brower, ``An Anisotropic Cluster Algorithm for Segmentation,'' Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Image  Processing, Chicago, IL, October, 1998.

R. A. Weisenseel, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, and C.DiMarzio, ``Statistical sensor fusion analysis of near-IR polarimetric and thermal imagery for the detection of mine-like targets,'' in Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Technologies, R.L.Spellicy, T.Vo-Dinh editors, Proc. SPIE V 3534, SPIE, Boston, 1998.

N. Aggarwal and W. C. Karl, ``Line Detection in Images throughRegularized Hough Transform,'' in Proc. of the Conf. on  Information Science and Systems, Johns Hopkins University, March,1999.

S. Oraintara, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, and T. Nguyen, ``AReduced Computation Method for Choosing the Smoothing Parameter inTikhonov Regularization Problems.'' in Proc. of the Conf. on Information Science and Systems, Johns Hopkins University, March,1999.

J. Kaufhold, R. Chan, W. C. Karl, and D. A. Castanon, ``UltrasoundTissue Analysis and Characterization,'' in Battlefield Biomedical Technologies, H. H. Pien editor, Proc. SPIE V 3712,SPIE, Orlando, April 5-9, 1999.

R. Weisenseel, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, C. Rappaport, E.Miller, C. DiMarzio, ``Statistical Fusion of GPR and EMI Data,'' inDetection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets IV, A. C. Dubey, J. F. Harvey, J. T. Broach, and R. E.Dugan editors, Proc. SPIE V 3710, SPIE, Orlando, April 5-9, 1999.

R. Weisenseel, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, P. Douville, G. J.Power, ``Markov Random Field Segmentation Methods for SAR TargetChips,'' in Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery VI, E. G. Zelnio editor, Proc. SPIE V 3721, SPIE, Orlando, April5-9, 1999.

Mujdat Cetin and W. Clem Karl, ``A Statistical Method forSynthetic Aperture Radar Imaging,'' 1999 IEEE Conference on SignalProcessing and Its Applications (SIU'99), June 1999, Ankara, Turkey.

W. S. Hoge, D. Brooks, H. Lev-Ari, W. C. Karl, L. P. Panych, E. L.Miller, ``Efficient Region of Interest Approximation for MR ImageAcquisition,'' Proc. of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 7th Scientific Meeting and Exhibition, pg1644, May, 1999.

R. Weisenseel, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, ``Land mine detectionthrough GPR and EMI sensor fusion,'' in Environmental Monitoring  and Remediation Technologies II, T. Vo-Dinh and R.  L. Spellicyeditors, Proc. SPIE V 3853, SPIE, Boston, September 20-22, 1999.

H. Feng, D. A. Castanon, W. C. Karl, ``Underground Imaging Basedon Edge-Preserving Regularization,'' in Proc. of the IEEEInternational Conference on Information, Intelligence and Systems,Washington, DC, November 1-3, 1999

D.F. Kacher, E. Gao, H.M. O'Leary, W.E. Kyriakos, J.P. Kaufhold,Q.Y. Ma, W.M. Wells, W.C. Karl and F.A. Jolesz, ``RF CoilSensitivity Estimation for Intensity Correction or Encoding,'' inProc. of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in  Medicine 8th Annual Meeting, pg. 1405, Denver, CO, March, 2000.

H. Feng, D. A. Castanon, and W. C. Karl, ``A Shape-BasedApproach to Buried Landmine Imaging,'' Proc. of JCIS, International Conference on Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition,  and Image Processing 2000, Atlantic City, NJ, March, 2000.

M. Cetin, W. C. Karl, and D. A. Castanon, ``Evaluation of aregularized SAR imaging technique based on recognition-orientedfeatures,'' in Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery  VII, E. G. Zelnio editors, Proc. SPIE V 4053, SPIE, Orlando, April24-28, 2000.

H. Feng, D. A. Castanon, W. C. Karl, and E. L. Miller, ``GPRImaging Approaches for Buried Plastic Landmine Detection,'' inDetection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Mine-Like Targets V, A. C. Dubey, J. F. Harvey, J. T. Broach, and R. E.Dugan editors, Proc. SPIE V 4038, SPIE, Orlando, April 24-28, 2000.

R.C. Chan, J. Kaufhold, W.C. Karl, R.S. Lees, ``UltrasoundAnalysis of Vascular Structure and Deformation,'' in Battlefield  Biomedical Technologies II, H. H. Pien editor, Proc.  SPIE V 4037B,SPIE, Orlando, April 24-28, 2000. 
Mujdat Cetin and W. Clem Karl, ``Enhanced, High Resolution RadarImaging based on Robust Regularization,'' Proc. 2000 IEEE  Int'l Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Istanbul,Turkey, Vol. 4, pg 2278-2281, June, 2000.

H. Feng, D. A. Castanon, and W. C. Karl, ``TomographicReconstruction Using Curve Evolution,'' Proc. of IEEE  International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2000, Hilton Head, SC, Vol. 1, pg 361-366, June13-15, 2000.

N. Aggarwal and W. C. Karl, ``Line detection in images throughregularized Hough transform,'' Proc. of the 2000 IEEE  International Conference on Image Processing, Vancouver, BritishColumbia, Canada, Vol. 3, pg 873-876, September 10-13, 2000.

M. Cetin and W. C. Karl, ``Superresolution and edge-preservingreconstruction of complex-valued synthetic aperture radar images,''Proc. of the 2000 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Vol. 1, pg701-704, September 10-13, 2000.

R. C. Chan, J. Kaufhold, W. C. Karl, R. S. Lees, and D. A. Castanon,``A variational energy approach for estimating vascular structure anddeformation from B-mode ultrasound imagery,'' Proc. IEEE  International Conference on Image Processing, Vancouver, BritishColumbia, Canada, Vol. 1, pg 160-163, 10-13 September 10-13 2000.

H. Feng, D. A. Castanon, W. C. Karl, and E. L. Miller,``Object-Based Reconstruction Using Coupled Tomographic Flows,'' Proc. of the 2000 IEEE International Conference on Image  Processing, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Vol. 2, pg625-628, September 10-13, 2000.

H. Feng, D. A. Castanon, W. C. Karl, ``A Statistical Approach to Rough Surface Underground Imaging,'' Proc. of the 2000 IEEE  International Conference on Image Processing, Vancouver, BritishColumbia, Canada, September 10-13, 2000.

S. Oraintara, W.C. Karl, D.A. Castanon, and T.Q. Nguyen, ``A Method for Choosing the Regularization Parameter in GeneralizedTikhonov Regularized Linear Inverse Problems,'' Proc. of the 2000 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Vancouver,British Columbia, Canada, Vol. 1, pg 93-96, September 10-13, 2000.

R. A. Weisenseel, W. C. Karl, and D. A. Castanon, ``A Region-Based Alternative for Edge-Preserving Smoothing,''   Proc. of the 2000 IEEE International Conference on Image  Processing, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Vol. 3, pg778-781, September 10-13, 2000.

R. C. Chan, J. Kaufhold, W. C. Karl, L. C. Hemphill, and R. S.Lees, ``Anisotropic edge-preserving smoothing carotid B-modeultrasound for improved segmentation and intima-media thicknessmeasurement,'' Proc. of Computers in Cardiology 2000,Cambridge, MA., pg 37-40, 24-27 September 2000.

W. S. Hoge, E. L. Miller, H. L., D. H. Brooks, L. P. Panych, andW. Clem Karl, ``An Adaptive Image Estimate Framework for Low OrderDynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging,'' Proc. IEEE DSP Workshop,Hunt, TX, October 15-18, 2000.

V. Galdi, W. C. Karl, D. A. Castanon, and L. B. Felsen,``Approaches to Underground Imaging for Object Localization,'' inDetection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Mine-Like  Targets VI, A. C. Dubey, J. F. Harvey, J. T. Broach, and V. Georgeeditors, Proc. SPIE V 4394, SPIE, Orlando, FL, pp. 1082-1091, April16-20, 2001.

H. Feng, D. A. Castanon, W. C. Karl, ``A curve evolutionapproach for image segmentation using adaptive flows,''Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computer  Vision, Vancouver, Canada, Vol. 2, Pg. 494-499, July 9-12, 2001.

J. Pavlovich, V. Galdi, W.C. Karl, D.A. Castanon, and L.B.Felsen, ``Time-domain reconstruction of moderately rough dielectricinterfaces via quasi-ray Gaussian beams,'' Proc. 2001 IEEE Antennasand Propagat. Int. Symposium, Boston, MA, USA, Vol. II, pg.682-685, July 8-13, 2001.

A. K. Swan, L. Moiseev, Y. Tong, S. Lipoff, W. C. Karl, B. B.Goldberg, M. S. Unlu, ``High resolution spectral self- interference fluorescence microscopy,'' Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing IX, Vol. 4621, pg. 77-85, San Jose, CA, 22-23 Jan. 2002.

M. Cetin and W. C. Karl, ``Complex-valued image reconstruction byhalf-quadratic regularization,'', SIAM Conference on Imaging Science, Boston, MA, March 4-6, 2002.

M. Cetin, W. C. Karl and D. A. Castanon, ``Analysis of theImpact of Feature-Enhanced SAR Imaging on ATR Performance,'' inAlgorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IX, E. G.Zelnio editor, Proc. SPIE, SPIE, Orlando, April 1-5, 2002.

M. Cetin, W. C. Karl and D. A. Castanon, ``Formation of HRRProfiles by Non-Quadratic Optimization for Improved FeatureExtraction,'' in Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radar Imagery IX, E. G.  Zelnio editor, Proc. SPIE , SPIE, Orlando,April 1-5, 2002.

A. Litvin and W. C. Karl, ``Image segmentation based on priorprobabilistic shape models,'' Proc. 2002 IEEE Int'l Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Orlando, Florida, Vol. 4,pg. 3572-3575, May 13-17, 2002.

Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``Dynamic Tomography With Curve EvolutionMethods,'' Proc. 2002 IEEE Int'l Conf. on Acoustics, Speech,  and Signal Processing, Orlando, Florida, Vol. 4, pg.  3229-3232,May 13-17, 2002.

V. Galdi, H. Feng, J. Pavlovich, D.A. Castanon, W.C. Karl, andL.B. Felsen, ``Quasi-ray Gaussian beam algorithms for subsurfacesensing in the presence of a moderately rough air-soil interface,''2002 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Int. Symposium, San Antonio, TX, p.765-768, June 16-21, 2002 (invited paper).

V. Galdi, L.B. Felsen, and D.A. Castanon, ``3-D short pulsescattering by moderately rough dielectric interfaces via quasi-rayGaussian beams,'' 2002 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Int. Symposium,San Antonio, TX, June 16-21, 2002.

V. Galdi, J. Pavlovich, W.C. Karl, D.A. Castanon, and L.B. Felsen,``Adaptive approaches to rough surface underground imaging I:Interface profile reconstruction,'' 2002 Progress in ElectromagneticsResearch Symposium (PIERS 2002), Cambridge, MA, July 1-5, 2002(invited paper).

V. Galdi, H. Feng, D.A. Castanon, W.C. Karl, and L.B. Felsen,``Adaptive approaches to rough surface underground imaging II: Targetreconstruction,'' 2002 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium(PIERS 2002), Cambridge, MA, July 1-5, 2002 (invited paper).

J. Pavlovich, W.C. Karl, V. Galdi, D.A. Castanon and L.B. Felsen,``3-D physics based underground imaging via edge-preservingregularization,'' 2002 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium(PIERS 2002), Cambridge, MA, July 1-5, 2002 (invited paper).

V. Galdi, L.B. Felsen, and D.A. Castanon, ``Gabor-based quasi-rayGaussian beam algorithms for scattering by moderately roughsurfaces,'' 2002 Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium(PIERS 2002), Cambridge, MA, July 1-5, 2002 (invited paper).

M. Desai, D. Kennedy, R. Mangoubi, J. Shah, W. C. Karl, N.Markis, A. Worth, ``Diffusion tensor model based smoothing,''Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE International Symposium on BiomedicalImaging, Pg 705-708, Washington, DC, July 7-10, 2002.

V. Galdi, L.B. Felsen, and D.A. Castanon, ``Narrow-waistedGaussian beam algorithms as efficient forward solvers in complexpropagation and scattering scenarios: Refinement and furthercalibrations of previously obtained preliminary algorithms,'' XXVIIURSI General Assembly, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Aug. 17-24, 2002(invited paper).

V. Galdi, H. Feng, J. Pavlovich, D.A. Castanon, W.C. Karl, andL.B. Felsen, ``Narrow-waisted Gaussian beam algorithms as efficientsolvers for imaging in complex propagation environments,'' XXVII URSIGeneral Assembly, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Aug. 17-24, 2002(invited paper).

 M. Desai, R Mangoubi, D. Kennedy, J. Shah, C. Karl, A. Worth, N.Markis , ``Diffusion tensor model based smoothing'', Proc. IEEE Conf. On Medical Imaging, pg. 705-708, July 7-10, 2002,Washington DC

M. Cetin, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``Edge-Preserving ImageReconstruction for Coherent Imaging Applications,'' Proc. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Rochester, NY,Vol. 2, p. 481-484, Sept. 22-25, 2002.

R. A. Weisenseel, W. C. Karl, and R. Chan, ``Shared-boundary fusionfor estimation of noisy multi-modality atherosclerotic plaqueimagery,'' Proc. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Image  Processing, Rochester, NY, p. 157-160, Sept. 22-25, 2002.

Y. Shi, W. C. Karl, and D. A. Castanon, ``Dynamic Tomography UsingCurve Evolution With Spatial-Temporal Regularization,'' Proc. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Rochester,NY, Vol. 2, pg. 629-632, Sept. 22-25, 2002.

M. Saeed and W. C. Karl, ``Image Segmentation UtilizingWavelet-Based Spatially Adaptive Kernels,'' Proc. 2002 IEEE  International Conference on Image Processing, Rochester, NY, p.777-780, Sept. 22-25, 2002.

Y. Shi, W. C. Karl, and D. Castanon, ``Dynamic Object-BasedTomographic Reconstruction,'' Proc. of the Thirty-Sixth AsilomarConference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, Vol. 1, Pg 906-910,November 3-6, 2002.

R. C. Chan, W. C. Karl, R. S. Lees, ``Robust Estimation ofArterial Strain from Non-Invasive Carotid Ultrasound Images,''Proceedings of 24th Annual Conference of the Engineering in Medicineand Biology and the Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical EngineeringSociety (EMBS/BMES Conference), Vol. 2, pg. 1313-1314, Oct. 2002.

C. L. Baird, B. Lin, J. Gerstenmeier, B. Cunningham, P. Li, J. Qiu,W. C. Karl, ``A Novel Biosensor for High-Throughput, Label-Free SmallMolecule Detection,'' Keystone Symposia A3: New Advances in DrugDiscovery, Park City, Utah, Jan 7-12, 2003.

Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``Tomographic Reconstruction of DynamicObjects,'' in Computational Imaging, C. A. Bouman and R. L.Stevenson editors, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5016, SPIE, Santa Clara, CA,January 20-24, 2003.

Y. Shi and W. Karl, ``Object-based Dynamic Tomography,'' invitedlecture at the 2003 IEEE AP-S International Symposium andUSNC/CNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting, Columbus, Ohio, June22-27, 2003

S. Chakrabarti, T. Cook, K. Wilton, D. Ghosh Roy, W. C. Karl,``Use of Tomography for Spectral Imaging in the SPIDR Mission,''Proceedings of the General Assembly of the International AstronomicalUnion, Sydney, Australia, 13-26 July, 2003.

M. Cetin, W. C. Karl, and A. S. Willsky, ``An Edge-PreservingRegularization Method for Coherent Imaging Applications,'' IEEEConference on Signal Processing and Communications Applications,Istanbul, Turkey, June 2003 (in Turkish).

A. Litvin and W. C. Karl, ``Level set-based segmentation usingfeature histogram shape priors,'' 2003 IEEE Workshop on StatisticalSignal Processing, St. Louis, Sept. 28-Oct. 1, 2003

Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``A Multiphase Level Set method fortomographic reconstruction of dynamic objects,'' 2003 IEEE Workshopon Statistical Signal Processing, St. Louis, Sept. 28-Oct. 1, 2003

W. C. Karl and H. Pien, ``High-Resolution Biosensor Spectral PeakShift Estimation,'' Proc. of the Thirty-Seventh AsilomarConference on Signals, Systems, and Computers, % Vol. 1, Pg 906-910, November 3-6, 2003.

S. Venkatesh and W. C. Karl, ``A Semi-Definite ProgrammingApproach to Estimating Distributed Sources,'' Proc. of theThirty-Seventh Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers,% Vol. 1, Pg 906-910, November 3-6, 2003.

Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``Multiple Motion and OcclusionSegmentation with A Multiphase Level Set Method,'' inComputational Imaging, C. A. Bouman and R. L.  Stevensoneditors, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5016, SPIE, Santa Clara, CA, January 20-24,2004.

A. Litvin and W. C. Karl, ``Shape distributions as priors forimage segmentation,'' in Computational Imaging, C. A. Boumanand R. L. Stevenson editors, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5016, SPIE, SantaClara, CA, January 20-24, 2004.

B. J. Davis, W. C. Karl, A. K. Swan, B. B.  Goldberg, M. S. Unluand M. B. Goldberg, ``Reconstruction of objects with a limited numberof non-zero components in fluorescence microscopy,'' inThree-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Aquisitionand Processing XI, J.-A. Conchello, C. J. Cogswell and T. Wilsoneds., Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol. 5324, 2004

Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``Level-set methods for dynamictomography,'' ISBI, 2004.

Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``Differentiable minimin shape distancefor incorporating topological priors in biomedical imaging,'' ISBI,2004.

Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``Tomographic Reconstruction of MultipleDynamic Objects,'' SIAM Conference on Imaging Science, 2004.

Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``Differentiable Minimin Shape Distance forMaintaining Topology in Curve Evolution,'' SIAM Conference on ImagingScience, 2004.

Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``Shape reconstruction for unorganizedpoints with a data-driven level set methods,'' Proc. 2004  IEEE Int'l Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing,Montreal, May 17-21, 2004.

V. Saligrama, Y. Shi and W. C. Karl, ``Performance guarantees in Sensor Networks,'' Proc. 2004 IEEE Int'l Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Montreal, May 17-21, 2004.
 

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